The use of the same unit prefixes with two different meanings has caused confusion. As this is a power of 1024, and 1024 is a power of two (2 10), these three usages are referred to as binary prefixes they were defined by the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) for semiconductors and are used by some operating systems. The computer industry has historically in citations of main memory ( RAM) capacity used the units kilobyte, megabyte, and gigabyte, and the corresponding symbols KB, MB, and GB, in a binary sense: gigabyte customarily means 1 073 741 824 bytes. In contrast with the binary prefix usage, this use is described as a decimal prefix, as 1000 is a power of 10 (10 3). For example, a 500-gigabyte hard disk holds 500 000 000 000 bytes, and a 1 Gbit/s (gigabit per second) Ethernet connection transfers data at nominal speed of 1 000 000 000 bit/s. In most contexts, industry uses the multipliers kilo ( k), mega ( M), giga ( G), etc., in a manner consistent with their meaning in the International System of Units (SI), namely as powers of 1000. Mi indicating 1 048 576 with a second set established by semiconductor industry convention using one-letter symbols, e.g., M also indicating 1 048 576.
As shown in the table to the right there are two sets of symbols for binary prefixes, one set established by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and several other standards and trade organizations using two-letter symbols, e.g.
It is most often used in data processing, data transmission, and digital information, principally in association with the bit and the byte, to indicate multiplication by a power of 2. A binary prefix is a unit prefix for multiples of units.
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